Kerala’s Garden Heritage: Exploring Historic Landscaping Styles

Kerala, often referred to as “God’s Own Country,” is not only celebrated for its enchanting backwaters and lush green landscapes but also for its rich cultural heritage. 

One aspect of this heritage that often goes unnoticed is the historic tradition of landscaping. Gardens in Kerala have a storied past, reflecting the diverse influences of different periods and communities. 

In this blog, we embark on a journey through Kerala’s garden heritage, exploring the distinctive landscaping styles that have shaped the outdoor spaces of this picturesque state.

1. Traditional Influences on Kerala Gardens

The roots of Kerala’s garden heritage can be traced back to its traditional architectural styles, notably the indigenous Vastu Shastra. Gardens were an integral part of traditional Kerala homes, designed not just for aesthetic appeal but also to align with Vastu principles, which focus on harmony with the natural elements. 

Central courtyards, adorned with tulsi (holy basil) plants and water features, were common features. These elements not only enhanced the visual appeal but also had cultural and spiritual significance.

To incorporate these traditional influences into your own garden, consider designing a central courtyard with a water feature, reminiscent of the ‘nalukettu’ architecture. 

Add traditional elements like the ‘thulasithara,’ a dedicated space for holy basil, to infuse a touch of spirituality. The use of indigenous plants such as coconut palms and banana trees can further pay homage to Kerala’s traditional garden aesthetics.

2. Colonial Era Gardens

The colonial era, marked by the influence of the Portuguese, Dutch, and later, the British, brought about a shift in Kerala’s garden landscape. European-style gardens, characterized by geometric layouts, manicured lawns, and ornate fountains, became prominent during this period. 

The integration of exotic plants from different parts of the world was a hallmark of these gardens. The British, in particular, introduced a formal and structured approach to landscaping, with an emphasis on symmetry and the use of flowering plants.

To incorporate colonial-era influences into your garden, focus on creating geometric patterns in the layout. Trimmed hedges and well-defined pathways can evoke the formal elegance of this period.

Choose a mix of exotic and local flowering plants to capture the essence of the colonial garden. Adding a small fountain or water feature can further enhance the classical charm and transport your garden to a bygone era.

3. Synthesis of Traditional and Colonial Styles

In many cases, Kerala’s gardens evolved into a unique synthesis of traditional and colonial influences. The ‘nalukettu’ architecture, with its central courtyard, seamlessly merged with European-inspired formal layouts. 

This blending of styles created a distinct garden aesthetic that is still visible in many heritage homes across the state. The use of local materials alongside imported elements showcased the adaptability and creativity of Kerala’s garden designers during this transitional period.

To recreate this synthesis in your garden, consider a design that combines the central courtyard concept with formal geometric patterns. Integrate traditional elements like wooden seating or swings within a structured layout. 

The juxtaposition of indigenous and exotic plants can represent the fusion of cultural influences. This approach not only honors Kerala’s garden heritage but also highlights the adaptability and resilience that defines the state’s cultural identity.

4. Post-Independence Era

Post-independence, Kerala witnessed a resurgence of interest in its traditional garden styles. The emphasis shifted towards sustainable practices, with a renewed appreciation for indigenous flora and eco-friendly designs. 

Homeowners began to rediscover the beauty of traditional Vastu-compliant gardens, incorporating native plants and natural materials. The idea was not just to create visually appealing landscapes but also to foster a deeper connection with the environment.

To embrace the post-independence era’s ethos in your garden, focus on sustainable landscaping practices. Opt for native plants that are well-suited to Kerala’s climate, reducing the need for excessive watering and maintenance. 

Incorporate eco-friendly features like rainwater harvesting and composting to align with the contemporary emphasis on environmental consciousness. This era signifies a return to Kerala’s roots, with gardens becoming not just ornamental spaces but also ecological havens.

5. Contemporary Trends in Kerala Gardens

In recent times, garden landscaping in Kerala have embraced a contemporary approach that combines elements from the past with modern design principles. The emphasis is on creating functional outdoor spaces that cater to the evolving lifestyles of residents. 

Gardens are seen as extensions of living spaces, with a focus on features like outdoor seating, entertainment areas, and sustainable practices. The use of technology, such as smart irrigation systems, has also found its way into modern Kerala gardens.

To incorporate contemporary trends into your garden, consider creating designated areas for outdoor activities, be it a cozy seating arrangement or a space for recreational activities. Integrate modern materials and technologies for efficiency and convenience. 

Sustainable practices, such as vertical gardening and use of recycled materials, align with the contemporary ethos of environmental responsibility. This fusion of the old and the new encapsulates the dynamic nature of Kerala’s garden heritage.

6. Biodiversity and Kerala’s Garden Legacy

A distinctive aspect of Kerala’s garden heritage lies in its contribution to biodiversity. Throughout its history, the state’s gardens have been havens for a diverse range of flora, attracting an array of birds, insects, and small animals. Traditional gardens, with their native plant selections, inadvertently became sanctuaries for indigenous species. 

The colonial era, while introducing exotic plants, also expanded the botanical diversity within the region. Post-independence and contemporary gardens, with their emphasis on sustainable practices, continue to play a role in preserving and promoting local biodiversity.

The Final Words

Kerala’s garden heritage is a fascinating tapestry woven with threads of tradition, colonial influence, post-independence resurgence, and contemporary innovation. Each era has left an indelible mark on the landscape, shaping gardens that are not just visually appealing but also reflective of the cultural and historical nuances of the region. 

Whether you choose to embrace the traditional Vastu-compliant designs, evoke the colonial charm, synthesize different styles, celebrate sustainability, or incorporate contemporary trends, your garden becomes a living testament to Kerala’s rich and diverse garden heritage. 

By understanding and appreciating the evolution of Kerala’s gardens, you can embark on a journey to create a landscape that is not just a space but a story, echoing the spirit of God’s Own Country.

If you’re looking for landscape architects in Kerala, you’ll discover a myriad of options. Explore the abundant choices available to find the best landscaping company in Kerala that can bring your dream space to life through their expert design services.